Parents looking to help their child pay for college often choose between federal Parent PLUS loans and private student loans. Parent PLUS loans offer fixed interest rates, flexible repayment options, and potential forgiveness but come with high fees and strict federal borrowing terms. Private loans may have lower rates and no fees but require good credit and lack federal protections.
Understanding the key differences between these loan types can help you decide which makes the most financial sense for your family. Here’s how Parent PLUS and private student loans compare—and what to consider before borrowing.
Keep reading for everything you need to know about how Parent PLUS and private student loans stack up.
| Company | Fixed Rates (APR) | Variable Rates (APR) | Rating (0-5) |
|---|---|---|---|
Terms & Disclosures
Information advertised valid as of 05/04/2026. Variable interest rates may increase after consummation. Approved interest rate will depend on creditworthiness of the applicant(s). All rates shown include the auto-pay discount. The 0.25% auto-pay interest rate reduction applies as long as a valid bank account is designated for required monthly payments. If a payment is returned, you will lose this benefit. College Ave Student Loan Servicing, LLC, NMLS#1263410 NMLS Consumer Access College Ave’s student loan products are made available through Firstrust Bank, member FDIC, First Citizens Community Bank, member FDIC, or BTG Pactual Bank, N.A., member FDIC |
5.59% – 16.99% | 3.99% – 15.89% |
Terms & Disclosures
Information advertised valid as of 05/04/2026. Variable interest rates may increase after consummation. Approved interest rate will depend on creditworthiness of the applicant(s). All rates shown include the auto-pay discount. The 0.25% auto-pay interest rate reduction applies as long as a valid bank account is designated for required monthly payments. If a payment is returned, you will lose this benefit. College Ave Student Loan Servicing, LLC, NMLS#1263410 NMLS Consumer Access College Ave’s student loan products are made available through Firstrust Bank, member FDIC, First Citizens Community Bank, member FDIC, or BTG Pactual Bank, N.A., member FDIC |
Terms & Disclosures
Borrow responsibly Loans for Undergraduate & Career Training Students are not intended for graduate students and are subject to credit approval, identity verification, signed loan documents, and school certification. Student must attend a participating school. Student or cosigner must meet the age of majority in their state of residence. Students who are not U.S. citizens or U.S. permanent residents must reside in the U.S., attend school in the U.S., and apply with a creditworthy cosigner (who must be a U.S. citizen or U.S. permanent resident). Requested loan amount must be at least $1,000. 1. Loan application must be submitted to see available rates. 2. Although we do not charge you a penalty or fee if you prepay your loan, any prepayment will be applied as provided in your promissory note — first to Unpaid Fees and costs, then to Unpaid Interest, and then to Current Principal. 3. Based on a comparison of the percentage of students who were approved with a cosigner to the percentage of students who were approved without a cosigner from October 1, 2023 to September 30, 2024. 4. The borrower or cosigner must enroll in auto debit through Sallie Mae to receive a 0.25 percentage point interest rate reduction benefit. This benefit applies only during active repayment for as long as the Current Amount Due or Designated Amount is successfully withdrawn from the authorized bank account each month. It may be suspended during forbearance or deferment. 5. Advertised APRs for undergraduate students assume a $10,000 loan with a 4-year in-school period, a 6-month grace, and the longest loan term offered. Interest rates for variable rate loans may increase or decrease over the life of the loan based on changes to the 30-day Average Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of one percent. Advertised variable rates are the starting range of rates and may vary outside of that range over the life of the loan. Interest is charged starting when funds are sent to the school. With the Fixed and Deferred Repayment Options, the interest rate is higher than with the Interest Repayment Option and Unpaid Interest is added to the loan’s Current Principal at the end of the grace/separation period. To receive a 0.25 percentage point interest rate discount, the borrower or cosigner must enroll in auto debit through Sallie Mae. The discount applies only during active repayment for as long as the Current Amount Due or Designated Amount is successfully withdrawn from the authorized bank account each month. It may be suspended during forbearance or deferment. 6. Savings comparison assumes a freshman student receives a $10,000 Smart Option Student Loan with the most common variable rate as of January 2025 and the longest loan term offered. 7. Examples of typical transactions for a $10,000 Smart Option Student Loan with the most common fixed rate, Fixed Repayment Option, two disbursements, a 4-year in-school period, and a 6-month grace: For a borrower with the shortest loan term, it works out to 16.16% fixed APR, 51 payments of $25.00, 119 payments of $296.32 and one payment of $41.82, for a total loan cost of $36,578.90. For a borrower with the longest loan term, it works out to 16.38% fixed APR, 51 payments of $25.00, 177 payments of $265.54 and one payment of $173.00, for a total loan cost of $48,448.58. Loans that are subject to a $50 minimum principal and interest payment amount may receive a loan term that is less than 10 years. A variable APR may increase over the life of the loan. A fixed APR will not. Information advertised valid as of 05/26/2026. ALLIE MAE RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS, SERVICES, AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. CHECK SALLIEMAE.COM FOR THE MOST UP-TO-DATE PRODUCT INFORMATION. Sallie Mae loans are made by Sallie Mae Bank. |
5.59% – 16.99% | 3.87% – 16.50%% |
Terms & Disclosures
Borrow responsibly Loans for Undergraduate & Career Training Students are not intended for graduate students and are subject to credit approval, identity verification, signed loan documents, and school certification. Student must attend a participating school. Student or cosigner must meet the age of majority in their state of residence. Students who are not U.S. citizens or U.S. permanent residents must reside in the U.S., attend school in the U.S., and apply with a creditworthy cosigner (who must be a U.S. citizen or U.S. permanent resident). Requested loan amount must be at least $1,000. 1. Loan application must be submitted to see available rates. 2. Although we do not charge you a penalty or fee if you prepay your loan, any prepayment will be applied as provided in your promissory note — first to Unpaid Fees and costs, then to Unpaid Interest, and then to Current Principal. 3. Based on a comparison of the percentage of students who were approved with a cosigner to the percentage of students who were approved without a cosigner from October 1, 2023 to September 30, 2024. 4. The borrower or cosigner must enroll in auto debit through Sallie Mae to receive a 0.25 percentage point interest rate reduction benefit. This benefit applies only during active repayment for as long as the Current Amount Due or Designated Amount is successfully withdrawn from the authorized bank account each month. It may be suspended during forbearance or deferment. 5. Advertised APRs for undergraduate students assume a $10,000 loan with a 4-year in-school period, a 6-month grace, and the longest loan term offered. Interest rates for variable rate loans may increase or decrease over the life of the loan based on changes to the 30-day Average Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of one percent. Advertised variable rates are the starting range of rates and may vary outside of that range over the life of the loan. Interest is charged starting when funds are sent to the school. With the Fixed and Deferred Repayment Options, the interest rate is higher than with the Interest Repayment Option and Unpaid Interest is added to the loan’s Current Principal at the end of the grace/separation period. To receive a 0.25 percentage point interest rate discount, the borrower or cosigner must enroll in auto debit through Sallie Mae. The discount applies only during active repayment for as long as the Current Amount Due or Designated Amount is successfully withdrawn from the authorized bank account each month. It may be suspended during forbearance or deferment. 6. Savings comparison assumes a freshman student receives a $10,000 Smart Option Student Loan with the most common variable rate as of January 2025 and the longest loan term offered. 7. Examples of typical transactions for a $10,000 Smart Option Student Loan with the most common fixed rate, Fixed Repayment Option, two disbursements, a 4-year in-school period, and a 6-month grace: For a borrower with the shortest loan term, it works out to 16.16% fixed APR, 51 payments of $25.00, 119 payments of $296.32 and one payment of $41.82, for a total loan cost of $36,578.90. For a borrower with the longest loan term, it works out to 16.38% fixed APR, 51 payments of $25.00, 177 payments of $265.54 and one payment of $173.00, for a total loan cost of $48,448.58. Loans that are subject to a $50 minimum principal and interest payment amount may receive a loan term that is less than 10 years. A variable APR may increase over the life of the loan. A fixed APR will not. Information advertised valid as of 05/26/2026. ALLIE MAE RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS, SERVICES, AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. CHECK SALLIEMAE.COM FOR THE MOST UP-TO-DATE PRODUCT INFORMATION. Sallie Mae loans are made by Sallie Mae Bank. |
Terms & Disclosures
In-School Loans Disclosures
Earnest Private Student Loans are subject to credit approval. Before applying for private student loans, it’s best to maximize your other sources of financial aid first. It’s recommended to use a 3-step approach to assembling the funds you need: 1) Look for funds you don’t have to pay back, like scholarships, grants, and work-study opportunities. 2) Next, fill out a FAFSA® form to apply for federal student loans options. 3) Finally, consider a private student loan to cover any difference between your total cost of attendance and the amount not covered in steps 1 and 2. For more information, visit the Department of Education website at studentaid.gov.
Auto Pay Discount
You can take advantage of the Auto Pay interest rate reduction by setting up and maintaining active and automatic ACH withdrawal of your loan payment from a checking or savings account. The interest rate reduction for Auto Pay will be available only while your loan is enrolled in Auto Pay. Interest rate incentives for utilizing Auto Pay may not be combined with certain private student loan repayment programs that also offer an interest rate reduction. It is important to note that the 0.25% Auto Pay discount is not available when loan payments are deferred during the interim period as a result of selecting the deferred repayment option.
Cosigner Release
To qualify for automatic cosigner release, the outstanding principal balance of your loan must be paid down to 50% or less of the original principal balance. The primary borrower must have made 36 months of required payments after the end of the Interim Period. The primary borrower must meet our eligibility and minimum credit requirements. Additional terms and conditions may apply.
To request cosigner release, the primary borrower must have made 12 consecutive, monthly on-time principal and interest payments (or an amount equal thereto) immediately preceding the cosigner release application. The primary borrower must satisfy certain eligibility and credit criteria at the time of application. Additional terms and conditions may apply.
Grace Period
Nine-month grace period is not available for borrowers who choose our Principal and Interest Repayment plan while in school.
Loan Cost Examples
Available interest rates are subject to change. Interest rates as of 03/19/2026. Earnest’s Loan Cost Examples:
1.) These examples provide estimates based on principal and interest payments beginning immediately upon loan disbursement. Variable annual percentage rate (“”APR””): A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $152.84) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.85% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $27,511.20. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed APR: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $150.30) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.49% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $27,054.10.
2.) These examples provide estimates based on interest-only payments while in school. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $152.84) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.85% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $35,515.14. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $140.42 for 57 months. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $150.30) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.49% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $34,886.94. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $137.42 for 57 months.
3.) These examples provide estimates based on fixed $25 payments while in school. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $253.39) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.92% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $47,035.20. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $246.61) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.65% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $45,814.80. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $25.00.
4.) These examples provide estimates based on deferred payments. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $275.17) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.67% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $49,530.60. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $268.03) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.39% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $48,245.40. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. It is important to note that the 0.25% Auto Pay discount is not available when the deferred repayment option has been selected and the loan is in the interim period. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $0.
Loan Minimum
Residents of Hawaii must request a loan of at least $1,501.
Repayment Terms and Options
Repayment terms and repayment options available vary based on loan type.
Skip a Payment
Earnest clients may skip a payment through a single, one-month forbearance during a 12 month period. Your first request to skip a pay can be made once you’ve made at least 6 months of consecutive on-time full principal and interest payments, and your loan is in good standing. The interest accrued during the skipped month will result in an increase in your remaining minimum payment. The final payoff date on your loan will be extended by the length of the skipped payment periods. Any unpaid accrued interest may capitalize (added to the principal balance) at the end of the forbearance period by adding unpaid accrued interest to the outstanding principal as permitted by law and the terms of the loan agreement. Please note that skipping a payment is not guaranteed and is at Earnest’s discretion. Your monthly payment and total loan cost may increase as a result of postponing your payment and extending your term.
No Fees
Earnest does not charge fees for origination, late payments, returned check, or prepayments. Florida Stamp Tax: For Florida residents, Florida documentary stamp tax is required by law, calculated as $0.35 for each $100 (or portion thereof) of the principal loan amount, the amount of which is provided in the Final Disclosure. Lender will add the stamp tax to the principal loan amount. The full amount will be paid directly to the Florida Department of Revenue. Certificate of Registration No. 78-8016373916-1.
Earnest Private Student Loans are made by FinWise Bank, Member FDIC. FinWise Bank, 756 East Winchester, Suite 100, Murray, UT 84107. Earnest student loans are serviced by Earnest Operations LLC, 300 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza, Suite 340, Oakland, CA 94612. NMLS #1204917, with support from Higher Education Loan Authority of the State of Missouri (MOHELA) (NMLS# 1442770). FinWise Bank and Earnest LLC and its subsidiaries, including Earnest Operations LLC, are not sponsored by agencies of the United States of America.
Interest Rates Disclosure: |
5.59% – 16.99% | 3.99% – 16.85% |
Terms & Disclosures
In-School Loans Disclosures
Earnest Private Student Loans are subject to credit approval. Before applying for private student loans, it’s best to maximize your other sources of financial aid first. It’s recommended to use a 3-step approach to assembling the funds you need: 1) Look for funds you don’t have to pay back, like scholarships, grants, and work-study opportunities. 2) Next, fill out a FAFSA® form to apply for federal student loans options. 3) Finally, consider a private student loan to cover any difference between your total cost of attendance and the amount not covered in steps 1 and 2. For more information, visit the Department of Education website at studentaid.gov.
Auto Pay Discount
You can take advantage of the Auto Pay interest rate reduction by setting up and maintaining active and automatic ACH withdrawal of your loan payment from a checking or savings account. The interest rate reduction for Auto Pay will be available only while your loan is enrolled in Auto Pay. Interest rate incentives for utilizing Auto Pay may not be combined with certain private student loan repayment programs that also offer an interest rate reduction. It is important to note that the 0.25% Auto Pay discount is not available when loan payments are deferred during the interim period as a result of selecting the deferred repayment option.
Cosigner Release
To qualify for automatic cosigner release, the outstanding principal balance of your loan must be paid down to 50% or less of the original principal balance. The primary borrower must have made 36 months of required payments after the end of the Interim Period. The primary borrower must meet our eligibility and minimum credit requirements. Additional terms and conditions may apply.
To request cosigner release, the primary borrower must have made 12 consecutive, monthly on-time principal and interest payments (or an amount equal thereto) immediately preceding the cosigner release application. The primary borrower must satisfy certain eligibility and credit criteria at the time of application. Additional terms and conditions may apply.
Grace Period
Nine-month grace period is not available for borrowers who choose our Principal and Interest Repayment plan while in school.
Loan Cost Examples
Available interest rates are subject to change. Interest rates as of 03/19/2026. Earnest’s Loan Cost Examples:
1.) These examples provide estimates based on principal and interest payments beginning immediately upon loan disbursement. Variable annual percentage rate (“”APR””): A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $152.84) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.85% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $27,511.20. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed APR: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $150.30) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.49% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $27,054.10.
2.) These examples provide estimates based on interest-only payments while in school. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $152.84) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.85% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $35,515.14. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $140.42 for 57 months. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $150.30) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (16.49% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $34,886.94. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $137.42 for 57 months.
3.) These examples provide estimates based on fixed $25 payments while in school. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $253.39) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.92% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $47,035.20. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $246.61) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.65% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $45,814.80. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $25.00.
4.) These examples provide estimates based on deferred payments. Variable interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $275.17) and a 16.85% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.67% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $49,530.60. For a variable loan, after your starting rate is set, your rate will then vary with the market. Fixed interest rate: A $10,000 loan with a 15-year term (180 monthly payments of $268.03) and a 16.49% interest rate without Auto Pay (14.39% APR) would result in a total estimated payment amount of $48,245.40. Your actual repayment terms may vary. Other repayment options are available. It is important to note that the 0.25% Auto Pay discount is not available when the deferred repayment option has been selected and the loan is in the interim period. The calculation assumes that the “in-school” period is 4 years (48 months) and includes our 9 month grace period, during which the monthly payment will be $0.
Loan Minimum
Residents of Hawaii must request a loan of at least $1,501.
Repayment Terms and Options
Repayment terms and repayment options available vary based on loan type.
Skip a Payment
Earnest clients may skip a payment through a single, one-month forbearance during a 12 month period. Your first request to skip a pay can be made once you’ve made at least 6 months of consecutive on-time full principal and interest payments, and your loan is in good standing. The interest accrued during the skipped month will result in an increase in your remaining minimum payment. The final payoff date on your loan will be extended by the length of the skipped payment periods. Any unpaid accrued interest may capitalize (added to the principal balance) at the end of the forbearance period by adding unpaid accrued interest to the outstanding principal as permitted by law and the terms of the loan agreement. Please note that skipping a payment is not guaranteed and is at Earnest’s discretion. Your monthly payment and total loan cost may increase as a result of postponing your payment and extending your term.
No Fees
Earnest does not charge fees for origination, late payments, returned check, or prepayments. Florida Stamp Tax: For Florida residents, Florida documentary stamp tax is required by law, calculated as $0.35 for each $100 (or portion thereof) of the principal loan amount, the amount of which is provided in the Final Disclosure. Lender will add the stamp tax to the principal loan amount. The full amount will be paid directly to the Florida Department of Revenue. Certificate of Registration No. 78-8016373916-1.
Earnest Private Student Loans are made by FinWise Bank, Member FDIC. FinWise Bank, 756 East Winchester, Suite 100, Murray, UT 84107. Earnest student loans are serviced by Earnest Operations LLC, 300 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza, Suite 340, Oakland, CA 94612. NMLS #1204917, with support from Higher Education Loan Authority of the State of Missouri (MOHELA) (NMLS# 1442770). FinWise Bank and Earnest LLC and its subsidiaries, including Earnest Operations LLC, are not sponsored by agencies of the United States of America.
Interest Rates Disclosure: |
|
3.29% – 15.99% fixed-rate APR w/ autopay included | 4.64% – 16.73% variable-rate APR w/autopay included |
|
|
5.59% – 16.99% | 3.99% – 17.99% |
|
|
5.59% – 16.99% | 6.75% – 17.99% |
|
Table of Contents
Key differences
Parent PLUS loans are federal loans for parents of undergraduate students, while private student loans come from banks, credit unions, or other lenders. Private parent loans function similarly but are taken out in the parent’s name rather than the student’s.
The key differences lie in eligibility, interest rates, fees, and repayment options. Here’s how they compare:
| Feature | Parent PLUS loans | Private student or parent loans |
| Borrower | Parent | Parent or student |
| Credit | No adverse credit history | Good credit score required |
| Lender | Federal government | Private lenders |
| Rate type | Fixed | Fixed or variable |
| Rate | 9.08% | Varies |
| Discount | 0.25% autopay | Varies |
| Terms | 10 – 25 years | Varies |
| Loan limit | Up to the cost of attendance after other financial aid | Up to the cost of attendance |
| Fees | 4.228% | Varies |
| Cosigner? | Only if parent has adverse credit history | Often required for student loans; parent loans are a cosigner alternative |
There are a few other considerations to know:
- Parent PLUS loans are available only to biological or adoptive parents of dependent undergraduates enrolled at least half-time.
- Private student loans may be available to students with a cosigner and can also serve nontraditional borrowers, including DACA recipients and international students.
- Private parent loans typically require repayment to begin 30–45 days after disbursement, unless the lender offers in-school deferment.
Understanding these distinctions can help you choose the right loan option for your family.
Pros and cons
Deciding between a private student loan and Parent PLUS loan can depend on your financial needs. You may pursue both types of loans to pay for college if you need a large amount.
It’s important to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each type of loan before making a final decision.
Parent PLUS loans
Pros
-
Not income-dependent.
-
Low, fixed interest rates.
-
Parents can request deferment of payments while the student is enrolled in school at least half-time or during the six-month window after their child graduates, leaves school, or drops below half-time enrollment.
-
Parents have the option to enroll in an income-contingent repayment plan.
-
Parents can borrow up to the student’s cost of attendance, minus any other financial aid received.
Cons
-
Borrowers must not have adverse credit history.
-
Rates may be lower than private loan rates, but that’s not guaranteed.
-
Repayment begins once loan funds are fully disbursed unless parents request a deferment.
-
Loan fees apply.
Private parent student loans
Pros
-
Parents may be able to borrow up to 100% of the student’s cost of attendance for graduate or undergraduate study.
-
Lenders can offer fixed or variable interest rates.
-
Many private lenders charge no loan origination fees.
-
Stepparents, legal guardians, and other relatives may be able to apply.
-
Funds can be disbursed to the school to ensure education costs are paid in a timely manner.
Cons
-
Poor credit could result in less favorable loan rates, increasing the total payoff.
-
Borrowing a larger amount could mean a higher total repayment if the interest rate is higher.
-
Variable rates can fluctuate over time, which can also affect the loan’s monthly payment.
-
Income-driven repayment is not an option.
Eligibility requirements
Both federal and private parent student loan lenders have eligibility requirements that determine who can borrow. Your ability to qualify can hinge on your relationship to the student you’re borrowing for, their enrollment status, and your credit history. You may qualify for one type of loan but not the other.
Here’s an overview of the eligibility requirements for Parent PLUS loans vs. private student loans.
| Parent PLUS loans | Private parent student loans | |
| Who can apply? | Biological or adoptive parents; sometimes stepparents | Biological or adoptive parents, stepparent, foster parents, legal guardians, grandparents, other relatives |
| Credit | No adverse credit history | Lender’s min. credit score |
| Financial need | Not required | Not required |
| Income | Not considered | Lender’s min. income |
| Debt-to-income ratio (DTI) | Not considered | Lenders may review |
Note: The U.S. Department of Education defines “adverse credit” as a credit history with one or more of the following problems:
- At least 90 days delinquent on outstanding debts exceeding a combined total of $2,085.
- A foreclosure, repossession, tax lien, wage garnishment, default determination, discharge of debts in bankruptcy, or write-off of a federal student debt within five years of submitting your loan application.
Applicants with adverse credit may still be eligible for the Parent PLUS loan if they add an endorser—such as a cosigner—to the loan application.
In addition:
- For Parent PLUS loans: Parents must meet the basic eligibility requirements for federal student loans. Students must complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) before parents can apply for PLUS loans.
- For private parent student loans: Most private lenders require borrowers to be U.S. citizens or permanent residents. A Social Security number may be required to apply.
Application processes
Applying for federal Parent PLUS loans isn’t much different from applying for private parent student loans.
You’ll need to fill out an application, provide the relevant information, and share any required supporting documentation.
However, you’ll find differences in terms of where you’ll submit your application and what you can expect once it’s been received.
| Parent PLUS loans | Private student loans | |
| Where to apply | Federal Student Aid website | Lender’s website |
| Info required | Name of school | Name of school and program |
| Requested loan amount | Requested loan amount | |
| Personal information | Personal information | |
| Parent Social Security number and date of birth | Parent Social Security number and date of birth | |
| Student Social Security number and date of birth | Student Social Security number and date of birth | |
| Citizenship | Citizenship | |
| Job information | Job and income information | |
| Preapprove | No | Often yes |
| Important items | Student must complete the FAFSA before you apply | A hard credit check may be required |
Repayment options
Parent student loans must be repaid with interest, but repayment options are not the same for all loans.
How you repay your loans and when repayment begins varies based on whether you have Parent PLUS loans or private parent student loans.
Repaying Parent PLUS loans or private student loans on time is important, as missing a payment could result in credit score damage. Defaulting on either type of loan can trigger even more damaging consequences, including a tax refund offset or civil lawsuit.
Here’s how repayment works for Parent PLUS loans and private student loans.
| Parent PLUS loans | Private student loans | |
| Plans | Standard, Graduated, or Extended repayment | Often deferred, interest-only, or flat monthly while in school, then 5 – 15 post grad. |
| Payments begin | After disbursement | Depends on chosen plan |
| Grace period | None | Varies |
| Income-driven repayment | Parents may enroll in an Income-Contingent Repayment | Not typical |
| Deferment or forbearance | Yes, if parents qualify | Varies |
| Loan forgiveness | Yes, if parents qualify | No |
Which type of parent loan makes sense for you?
Parent PLUS loans and private student loans can cover expenses associated with your child’s college education. Choosing the right type of loan often means considering both options and determining which suits your present and future needs.
| Choose… | Choose… |
| Your student has exhausted their Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized loan limits. | Parent PLUS loan |
| You’ve compared rates and believe a Parent PLUS loan is the most affordable option. | Parent PLUS loan |
| You don’t mind paying the federal loan fee. | Parent PLUS loan |
| You want federal protections like forbearance and potential loan forgiveness. | Parent PLUS loan |
| You’re comfortable taking full financial and legal responsibility for the loan. | Parent PLUS loan |
| You have an adverse credit history and may be denied a Parent PLUS loan. | Private parent loan |
| Your student hasn’t completed the FAFSA, and you need fast funding. | Private parent loan |
| You’ve found a lender with low interest rates and no origination fees. | Private parent loan |
| You’re confident in making payments without needing forbearance or deferment. | Private parent loan |
| You’re open to refinancing a variable-rate loan if needed. | Private parent loan |
There is no right or wrong answer about whether a Parent PLUS loan is better than a private parent student loan. It comes down to how much you need to borrow, how much aid your student has already received, what kind of debt obligations you can handle, and what shape your credit is in.
Which private lenders offer parent loans?
A number of lenders offer private student loans to parents. However, it’s important to find the lender that best aligns with your needs.
When comparing private student loan options, consider the following:
- The interest rates you may qualify for
- Any fees you might pay
- Credit score, income, and DTI requirements
- How much you can borrow
- Repayment terms
- Lenders’ special requirements to qualify
Also, consider whether a hard credit check is required to get preapproved or obtain a rate quote. Getting rates from multiple lenders can make it easier to gauge how much a particular loan might cost.
Here are some private student loan lenders for parents.
| Loan | Rates (APR) | Terms |
| College Ave | 3.99%% – 14.91%% | 5 – 15 years |
| ELFI | 1.30% – 11.52% | 5, 7, or 10 years |
| Earnest | 0.94% – 11.44% | 5 – 15 years |
Also, consider whether a private lender offers special incentives or perks for borrowers, such as autopay discounts or cash rewards when your student earns good grades.
Recap of a Parent PLUS loan vs. private loan
By now, you should have an understanding of the differences between private student loans and Parent PLUS loans.
To wrap it up, here’s a final look at what makes each loan unique:
| Parent loans | Rates (APR) | Terms |
| Parent PLUS | 7.54% fixed | 10 – 25 years |
| Private loan | Varies | 5 – 15 years |
For more specific information about which private parent student loans are the best, please see the table in the previous section.
About our contributors
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Written by Rebecca Lake, CEPF®Rebecca Lake is a certified educator in personal finance (CEPF®) and freelance writer specializing in finance.